UnitedNations
A/59/699–S/2005/85
General
Assembly Distr.: General
Security
Council 11
February 2004
Original: English
General Assembly
Fifty-ninth session
Agenda item 29
Question of
Cyprus
|
|
Security
Council
Fifty-ninth
year
|
Letter
dated 9
February 2005
from the Permanent Representative of
Cyprus
to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
Upon instructions from my Government, I
wish to draw your attention to some disturbing statements made by General Yasar
Buyukkanit, Commander of the land forces of the Turkish army, during his illegal
visit last January 2005 to the occupied areas of the
Republic
of
Cyprus
. As reported on Turkish NTV television on 25 January, General Buyukkanit,
after meeting with the Turkish Cypriot leader Rauf Denktash, said “Not even a
single soldier will leave from here [
Cyprus
] before a final and lasting agreement is achieved.” This provocative
statement was seconded by General Ilker Basboug, the Turkish Deputy Chief of the
General Staff, during a press conference in Ankara on 26 January, who said that
Buyukkanit’s statement reflects the views of the General Staff and of the
Turkish Government and added that the withdrawal of troops from Cyprus is not on
Turkey’s agenda. Furthermore, the Turkish Foreign Ministry spokesman, Namik
Tan, asked during his news conference on 26 January to comment on that
statement, stated, “had the Greek Cypriot side approached the Annan plan
positively, the current security problems would have been solved.”
It should be stressed from the outset that the root cause of the
Cyprus
problem is the continuing Turkish occupation of the northern part of
Cyprus
. It is due to the occupation troops that
Cyprus
remains the last divided country in
Europe
and massive human rights violations of all Cypriots continue to this day,
despite the calls of United Nations resolutions and the
European Court
decisions for their termination. The withdrawal of the Turkish occupation
troops from
Cyprus
is a long-standing demand of the United Nations Security Council and General
Assembly, as well as of the European and Council of Europe Parliaments, as
reflected in their numerous resolutions and decisions. This demand is
unconditional and not tied to a political settlement.
On 20 July 1974, the day of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, the Security
Council adopted resolution 353 (1974) which demanded “an immediate end to
foreign military intervention in the Republic of Cyprus” (para. 3) and
requested “the withdrawal without delay from the Republic of Cyprus of foreign
military personnel present otherwise than under the authority of international
agreements” (para. 4). Resolution 550 (1984) expressed concern about
“secessionist acts in the occupied part of the
Republic
of
Cyprus
” (sixth preambular para.) that further consolidate the division of the
island. Furthermore, General Assembly resolution 37/253 of 13 May 1983 deplored
the fact that “part of the territory of the Republic of Cyprus is still
occupied by foreign forces” (eighth preambular para.) and considered “the
withdrawal of all occupation forces from the Republic of Cyprus as an essential
basis for a speedy and mutually acceptable solution of the problem of Cyprus”
(para. 7). Similarly, a European Parliament resolution of
21 January 1993
and subsequent resolutions call upon the Government of Turkey to withdraw its
occupation troops from the
Republic
of
Cyprus
in accordance with the relevant United Nations resolutions.
Turkey
’s wrongful act against
Cyprus
violates the principle of the inadmissibility of occupation and acquisition of
territories by force (see General Assembly resolution 37/253). This is an
indisputable fact that cannot change, until it is corrected by the side that
flouts the rules and principles of international law.
The above-mentioned statements by the Turkish Government prove beyond a
doubt that in reality there is no change in Turkish policy on
Cyprus
. On the contrary, after the
24 April 2004
referenda, certain Turkish acts indicate an even more arrogant behaviour on the
part of
Ankara
and an effort by the Turkish Government to create new faits accomplis by
intensifying the colonization policy and construction on illegally usurped Greek
Cypriot properties in the occupied north. Using as a springboard the Annan plan,
which in any case would only partially restore the legal right of displaced
persons to return and regain their properties, while it would allow the settlers
to continue their stay on such properties, Turkey’s subordinate local
administration embarked on a frenzy of unprecedented construction and
“property sale” in the occupied north and on an unlawful transfer of a new
wave of settlers from Turkey under the pretext that they were “construction
workers”. It is not surprising that in August 2004 Ahmet Uzun, the so-called
Finance Minister of the occupying regime, stated that the United Nations plan
provided an incentive to build on Greek Cypriot property in the occupied part,
because persons investing in such property could have had priority over
legitimate Greek Cypriot refugee title-holders in the matter of ownership.
According to the 1964 Land Registry record, approximately 82 per cent of the
privately owned land in the occupied areas was owned by Greek Cypriots, while
the Turkish Cypriots owned approximately 16.7 per cent. These figures were still
valid in 1974.
With regard to settlers, it has been reported that an additional 40,000
Turkish nationals claiming to be “seasonal workers” have been brought to the
occupied northern part in 2004 alone. Many of the new arrivals reside in
abandoned or derelict homes and in buildings that are currently under
construction. All this confirms Turkish Cypriot press reports that
Turkey
aims to increase its population in
Cyprus
to 400,000.
In this respect, we wish to draw your attention to a most relevant
finding on the issue by Rapporteur Jaakko Laakso of the Council of Europe in his
report “Colonization by Turkish settlers of the occupied part of
Cyprus
”, dated
2 May 2003
. He stated in paragraph 42 that change in the demographic structure of Cyprus
already under way creates a real threat that in the long term the considerable
increase in the numbers of the Turkish-speaking population might be used as a
justification of the inordinate claims of the Turkish side regarding territorial
arrangements and political powers in a final settlement of the Cyprus problem.
It should also be noted that since 1974 Turkey has been pursuing a
deliberate policy of changing the demographic character of the occupied areas of
the Republic of Cyprus by a systematic transfer of large parts of its population
from Anatolia, Turkey, to the occupied areas, allocating to them properties and
land belonging to Greek Cypriot refugees who in 1974 fled the area as a result
of the invasion and have not returned since then due to the continuing
occupation. As a consequence, the transfer of settlers from
Turkey
to
Cyprus
has caused the gradual outflow of indigenous Turkish Cypriots, who in 1974,
totalled about 118,000, or about 18 per cent of
Cyprus
’s population. Today, Turkish settlers are estimated at more than 160,000 and
they outnumber by far the Turkish Cypriots, whose numbers are estimated at
87,600. Were the more than 35,000 Turkish troops stationed on the island added
to this number, the number of non-Turkish Cypriots would reach 195,000 persons,
or almost 70 per cent of the inhabitants of the occupied north.
Following the 17 December decision of the European Council to open
accession negotiations with
Turkey
, it is expected that the Turkish Government will:
(a) Immediately
introduce in the occupied areas a moratorium on all construction activities
(possibly excepting the ordinary maintenance of already finished structures
and/or the demolition of irredeemably hazardous structures) not consented to by
the lawful property owners. Furthermore, and in relation to the point just made,
the
Republic
of
Cyprus
demands that the
Republic
of
Turkey
immediately assent to the conduct as soon as possible, in the occupied areas,
of an internationally supervised census, which will comprehensively profile,
inter alia, the current usage of immovable properties, which in 1974 belonged
(i) To
persons who were dispossessed of the said properties because of the events of
1963 and 1964, and whose dispossession continued after the events of 1974;
(ii) To
persons who were dispossessed of the said properties because of the events of
1974;
(b) Immediately
introduce a moratorium on the influx into the occupied areas of non-Cypriot
citizens (“settlers”), immediately begin to facilitate the repatriation of
settlers already in Cyprus and immediately assent to the conduct as soon as
possible, in the occupied areas, of an internationally supervised census, which
will comprehensively profile, inter alia, the nationality of persons residing
there.
The accession of the
Republic
of
Cyprus
to the European Union on
1 May 2004
provides a new and exceptional context for peace and reconciliation. The
Government of Cyprus has amply demonstrated its determination and good will to
bring Turkish Cypriots on board and give them the opportunity to enjoy the
benefits of the European Union. It was the Cyprus Government, on
26 April 2004
, at the Meeting of the Council of the European Union, that tabled sound
proposals for economic assistance for the Turkish Cypriot community. The Cyprus
Government has worked in good faith for the adoption of subsequent conclusions
of the Council aimed at facilitating the reunification of
Cyprus
by encouraging Turkish Cypriot economic development, with particular emphasis
on the economic integration of the island and on improving contacts between the
two communities and with the European Union. The regulation on financial
assistance of 259 million euros for the Turkish Cypriots, based on proposals by
the Cyprus Government, is intended to encourage the Turkish Cypriot community to
see that its future rests in a united
Cyprus
within the European Union.
It should be recalled that the Government of Cyprus has been implementing
since last year a package of measures for the benefit of the Turkish Cypriots,
so that they can enjoy, to the maximum extent possible and within the framework
of the European Union acquis and international law, all benefits emanating from
Cyprus
’s membership in the European Union. In addition, further measures were
adopted in the fields of demining, military disengagement and the opening of
additional crossing points along the ceasefire lines, so as to enhance
confidence-building and cooperation between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots,
thus facilitating the goal of the reunification of the island and its people.
Additionally, on 4 February the Cyprus Government and the European Commission
reached an agreement of great importance on the implementation of the Green Line
regulation which extends intra-island trade and exports of Turkish Cypriot
products to the European Union, through the legal ports and airports of the
Republic.
It is unfortunate that, for political and not economic purposes, the
regulations on trade and on financial assistance are not yet in effect, as the
Turkish Cypriot leadership and the Turkish Government, with the support of
certain other countries, insist on opening the ports and airports in the
occupied areas. Regrettably, the Turkish Cypriot leadership, by raising
obstacles to the implementation of both Government and European Union measures
towards the Turkish Cypriots, is sacrificing the well-being of its own community
for purely political gains.
The Cyprus Government reiterates its commitment to assist in the economic
advancement of the Turkish Cypriots, but at the same time underlines that any
measures taken in this direction should not serve, in any way, as a pretext for
promoting the secessionist aims of the Turkish leadership. Attempts to upgrade
the “status” of the secessionist entity created by force in the north of
Cyprus, in violation of international law and condemned by Security Council
resolutions 541 (1983) and 550 (1984), are totally unacceptable and should be
abandoned.
On 17 December, the European Union decided to give
Turkey
a date for the start of accession negotiations with the European Union. This
historic decision for
Turkey
would never have been made possible without the consent of the
Republic
of
Cyprus
, which during the negotiations demonstrated immense good will, as acknowledged
by all. It is hoped that the Turkish Government, in view of its European
aspirations, will reciprocate the good will shown by the Government of Cyprus
and will soon start working towards meeting its obligations emanating from its
European candidacy. It is also hoped that
Turkey
will soon come to realize that its present policy of promoting a separate
political entity for the areas of the
Republic
of
Cyprus
under its military control is neither helpful nor a positive contribution to
the efforts for the resumption of the talks for the solution of the
Cyprus
problem. Moreover, this separatist policy of the Government of Turkey is
impeding the efforts of the Cyprus Government to accelerate the economic
progress of the Turkish Cypriot community.
We call upon the Government of Turkey to adopt a similar constructive
approach to the
Cyprus
problem and at long last abandon efforts that undermine the sovereignty of the
Republic
of
Cyprus
. The Turkish side needs to move beyond rhetoric aimed at diverting attention
away from its obligations and responsibilities towards
Cyprus
and the European Union.
Turkey
must demonstrate genuine good will by cooperating in a positive spirit in order
to create the conditions that would render the resumption of the talks possible,
taking into consideration the new European dimension of the
Cyprus
problem. The Cyprus Government is committed to do its utmost to create
conditions that would allow the resumption of the United Nations
Secretary-General’s good offices mission, in order to freely reach a mutual
agreement for a comprehensive settlement of the
Cyprus
problem without any artificial time constraints.
I should be grateful if you would have the present letter circulated as a
document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 29, and of the Security
Council.
(Signed) Andreas D. Mavroyiannis
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